The 4 Primary Hallmarks of Aging
Carlos Lopez-Ortin described 9 Hallmarks of Aging in a landmark paper in the Journal Cell in 2023. In 2023 he added 3 more. Most researchers and doctors believe that these 12 Hallmarks of Aging shorten our Healthspan and Lifespan. We believe 4 of these Hallmarks of Aging are Primary and the other 8 are Secondary. We have 4 bundles each representing 1 of the 4 Primary Hallmarks of Aging to promote longevity!